Wednesday, July 31, 2019

Annotated Bibliography: Drunk Driving

Annotated Bibliography: Drunk Driving Burke, Sheila. â€Å"TN Supreme Court to Hear Field Sobriety Case. † The Tennessean. N. p. , 23 Mar. 2013. Web. 28 Mar. 2013. This is a very interesting newspaper article out of the Tennessean. There is a huge case going on about drunk driving and field sobriety tests. This case consists of a 2009 DUI charge in Sevier County that was dismissed because car driver, David Bell, passed six field sobriety tests. The Tennessee Supreme Court has approved to take this case that could define if police officers can arrest people assumed of driving drunk after they have already pass field sobriety tests.Compare and Contrast Driving in the Winter and Driving in the SummerAlready three Tennessee courts have established that police needed the probable cause to arrest Bell and command a blood-alcohol test. Goldstein, Joseph. â€Å"Brooklyn Police Officer Is Accused Of Driving Patrol Car While Drunk. † The New York Times. N. p. , 29 Feb. 2012. Web. 26 Mar. 2013. This story is about an officer in Brooklyn, NY. This officer was out when he crashed his patrol car into a pole. I’m sure you ask what the cause was. The officer had just been coming from a fund-raiser for the four daughters of Officer Peter J. Figoski, who was shot dead in December while responding to a report of a robbery in Brooklyn.At this event the officer obviously had too much to drink while there. The officer was charged with driving while intoxicated and refusing to take a breath test, the police said. Hathaway, William. â€Å"Brain Study Reveals How Drinking Impairs Driving. † Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles Times, Dec. -Jan. 2004. Web. 24 Mar. 2013. This article discusses how the brain responses to being drunk while driving. How they go about this is they use an imaging scan. A couple of scientist studied this at Yale University School of Medicine and the Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center at the Institute of Living in Hartford, Connecticut.W hat I think about the situation is if you’re intoxicated you shouldn’t be behind the wheel of any kind of automobile. That’s just like taking medicine and getting behind the will to drive. A lot of people compare this to smoking weed and driving a car. There is no difference in these if you’re pulled over your going get the same punishment you would get if you’re were drinking and driving. The best way to fix these problems is to just not operate an automobile in these situations. This article is reliable in that is gives a lot of information on brain study of drinking impaired. Hsu, Tiffany. â€Å"Teen Drunk Driving Declines as Gas Prices Rise. Los Angeles Times. BUSINESS, 3 Oct. 2012. Web. 24 Mar. 2013. As we all no gas prices have went up and down in the last few years. Although everyone thinks this is a bad thing it has helped the drunk driving rates go way down believe it or not. This article simply states the reason is that they really spend less time on the roads. Teenagers are especially delicate to upsurges in gasoline rates and declines in economic situations. I do for sure think that’s the reason for the decrease in the past years. More people have to manage their money better with gas prices going up and the more they spend the less they have to buy alcohol.A lot of teenagers today age try to car pull to the parties. This is sometimes a good thing and sometimes a bad thing. The reason they do this is to save gas and also they try to pick a designated driver that will not be drinking to drive them there. This is the positive thing about it. This article is good in that it makes you think about all the situations and look outside of the box. Jacobs, James B. Drunk Driving: An American Dilemma. Chicago: University of Chicago, 1989. Print. This book talked about drunk driving all together.This book wants to bring all the information together as a whole and put it all into a book, or as some would call this boo k a resource book. Professor Jacob’s thinks he’s managed to accomplish this difficult task. He had divided his book into three different parts called an anatomy of the social problem of drunk driving, an assessment of the role that criminal low and procedure play in defining and dealing with the problem, and a discussion of the effect of various social institutions have had an are likely to happen in the future on the social control of drunk driving. JENSEN, CHRISTOPHER. â€Å"Jan. 1 Is Worst Day for Drunken Driving. New York Times. N. p. , 31 Dec. 2011. Web. 26 Mar. 2013. This article talks about all the events on New Year’s. What do you think the worse day of the year is for fatal crashes? As we all know everyone’s out on New Year’s Eve going to parties and various places. A lot of alcohol is drunk that night. A lot of people still drive even after they drink. This is what is so dangerous about the situation. Over half of all the crashes that ha ppen on years half of them involve a drunk driver with a blood-alcohol content of at least 0. 08, according to an analysis by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety.If people know they’re going to drink why do they even go and then leave? The worse time that all the crashes happen is right after the ball drops a little after 12. One of my friends had this exact thing happen to him. He left a party then ran off the road and luckily he was alright and only came out with a few scratches. Kordunsky, Anna. â€Å"Tougher Penalties Sought in Russia for Drunken Driving After Accident. † The New York Times. The New York Times, 26 Sept. 2012. Web. 26 Mar. 2013 This source is about the Russian legislators wanting stronger measure against drunk driving. This is due to horrible accidents that happened.The driver of the car crashed into a bus going at the speed of 125 miles per hour. This not only killed the driver but it also killed seven other people. Five of them were teenage rs with learning disabilities. The driver of the car already had a number of drunken driving issues in the past. He also drank for two day before even getting behind the wheel of the car. This is a very sad story. What could he of been thinking going 125 miles per hour. He may have been so intoxicated that he couldn’t control his self. I guess we will never know what was going through his head while he was doing this.The worst thing about the whole situation is the killing of seven insistent people, and even more worse that five were teenagers with learning disabilities. Situations like this makes you open your eyes and realize it’s just not worth it. Lerner, BARRON L. â€Å"Friends Still Let Friends Drive Drunk. † Well Friends Still Let Friends Drive Drunk Comments. The New York Times, 18 Oct. 2012. Web. 24 Mar. 2013. This article is about a 21 year old guy named Matthew Grape. He chose to get into the passenger seat with one of his Duke University fraternity b rothers. The driver then hits a tree only suffering minor issued.However Matthew doesn’t survive the crash. Reports from the press say the driver was charged with impaired driving. This is a horrible situation. This is why it is very important to think before you get into a car with somebody. You should never get in the car with an impaired driver. I bet Matthew hadn’t be thinking about all the bad thing that could happen to him, and he probably never thought getting into that car would end his life that night. Lerner, Barron H. â€Å"The Discovery of Drunk Driving. † One for the Road: Drunk Driving since 1900. N. p. : n. p. , n. d. 14-37. Print. This book talks bout all the effort that’s been around to eliminate drunk driving. This isn’t something that just came about in the last few years. This has been going on since they first started inventing cars way in the pass. Before automobiles actually came out they had already been studying and discuss ing the issue of drunk driving, which I find to be very interesting. This didn’t change their mine about automobiles. They also had already been through the same situation with horse and buggy, but it still wasn’t as dangerous as the automobiles. Mears, Bill. â€Å"Drunk-drive Blood Tests Divide Supreme Court. CNN. Cable News Network, 09 Jan. 2013. Web. 26 Mar. 2013. This article is about alcohol related car crashes in the United States. This amount is approximately 10,000 a year. This is just way too big of a number. Also law enforcement wants more flexibility to determine whether a suspected drunk driver is, indeed, over the limit. However the Supreme Court was openly separated in oral arguments about whether law enforcement agency can obtain a blood test without a warrant to define intoxication levels. The outcome was they get tested at the scene and also get test at the jail.

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

Assess individual in health care Essay

Compare and contrast the range and purpose of different forms of assessment. Prior to moving into an organisation all individuals are assessed as are the care providers to ensure that placements can meet and preferences of the individuals. The organisation conducts independent assessments by a qualified key member of the team to assess the needs and preferences of the individual to ensure that the organisation have the facilities and resources to cater for them. The key areas for assessments for needs and preferences would be: Emotional Physical Social Leisure Key professionals then hold a Care Planning Assessment (CPA) meeting along the individual to discuss the outcomes of assessments. Active support is provided holistically within a role package for all individuals for all aspects of living. This is implemented through means of care plans and structured weekly planners. Before an individual is identified as needing specialist care and support, they must undergo a series of assessments. These assessments may not diagnose a learning disability, but they do decide whether the individual will receive social care. This explains the types of assessment an individual may undergo, including: – Official process or corporate screening procedures – Clinical assessments – Behavioural assessments – Holistic assessments – Person Centred Planning (PCP) – Comprehensive assessments and care plans A range of assessments can take place in the social care field where the differing assessment processes include: comprehensive assessment community care assessment multidisciplinary assessment needs assessment social functioning assessment psychiatric assessment risk assessment performance assessment health and safety assessment behavioural assessment Intellectual assessment. Any individuals moving in a care home need to be assessed which is call a pre-admission assessment. This assessment is held by a qualified member of a staff or the home manager. The organisation will take into consideration the activity of the daily living, the past medical history, social and personal background, a formal/informal assessment and a visual assessment is carried out. The pre admission assessment of individuals should involve: Name of the individuals, date of birth, marital status and address Next of Kin, relationships, family and friends involvement contact details and address GP name and address, Social worker name Cultural needs, religion/relevant policies, social background Past medical history, provisional diagnosis Equipment required prior to admission(walking aid, cot sides, specialised bed, pressure relieving equipment) The activity of the daily living: Maintaining a safe environment Communication Breathing Nutrition Elimination Hygiene Mobility Sleeping Pressure care Medication Physical capabilities Mental well being Knowledge & understanding of condition Dying 1.2 Explain how partnership work can positively support assessment processes Working in partnership with GP, Families, friends and other care professionals (social worker /advocate) give a better understanding of what care the individuals needs and if these needs are met. Having gained a lot of information about the individual the organisation will be able to build a better picture of the service user. This will highlight the principles which determine good practice including: – Choice – Rights – Respect and dignity – Individuality – Privacy – Confidentiality – Emotional needs (and empathy) – Independence – Valuing people The purpose of assessment is to describe and evaluate an individual’s presented needs and how he is to be supported to live a full and independent life. The impact of a person’s needs on his or her independence daily functioning and quality of life is evaluated, so that appropriate action can be planned. Assessment involves both the person with needs and professionals explanations how different needs interact. Working in partnership with other professional bodies ensures service users using services are benefited. However basic personal and holistic information is gathered from family, friends or people whom the service user was known to and previous life activities/background. This information helps to carry out assessment and build up care plan in such a way, and be sufficiently transparent, for individuals to: Gain better understand of their situation Identify the option that are available for managing their own lives Identify the outcomes required from any help that is provided Understand the basis on which decisions are reached  Appropriate service provision can then be planned both in the immediate and the long term to promote or preserve independence. One key principle is that the person’s views and wishes shape the assessment process. Individual is helped to prepare their contribution to the assessment and having the right information. Support and advocacy arrangements available will facilitate this. Assessment should be responsive to people’s changing circumstances of independence over time. Therefore an effective assessment of individual is crucial when appropriate of family members; carers and other care professionals are involved. Implementation assessment process by health and social care agencies will promote better care services and better outcomes for service users and more effective use of professional resources. Basic information will be checked and validated by the agreement of the service users to confirm that is up to date and accurate. Assessment builds a rounded picture of the service user’s needs and circumstances including not only health social care issues but also relevant : Housing Benefits Transport & other issues.  It is essential that the organization work in partnership with all of the people surrounding the individuals in order to ensure the best possible support and care is provided. This will include carers, families, advocates and other people. In order to work well in partnership, there has to be good communication and the organization will need to have good communication skills. Learning from others and working in partnership is important. It will help to understand the aims and objectives of different people and partner organization as they may have different views, attitudes and approaches. The organization will work together sharing relevant information with each other to ensure the individual receives the best support and care possible. These include: Doctors Other health professionals Nurses Social workers Advocates Physiotherapists Occupational therapists Welfare benefit advisors Personal financial advisors It is essential that everyone’s focus is on providing the best care and support to individuals for example:- Supporting the individual to achieve their goals and be as independent as possible. Respecting and maintaining the dignity and privacy of individuals Promoting equal opportunities and respecting diversity and different cultures and values Reporting dangerous abusive, discriminatory or exploitative behaviour or practice. Communicating in an appropriate, open, accurate and straight forward way Sharing knowledge and respecting views of others to achieve positive outcomes for individuals. 2.1 Initiate early assessment of the individual An early assessment of the individual is done on pre admission to the care organisation. The assessment of the service user needs and abilities is taken into consideration as person centred. As a manager I currently looked at:- Hearing/Sight/Speech – any impairment, aids severe/complete loss Comprehension – Clear understanding or any support needs Ability to make choices – Identify how the service user wants to append the day and agree â€Å"daily life† plan. Orientation – know where they are and review the service user safety and security Memory- need to assess capacity Well being – any anxiety, agitated /restlessness Mobility and Walking, Moving – complete moving and handling assessment sheet immediately on admission. Any risk identified include in care plan Potential to fall – Complete falls risk assessment immediately on admission. Dexterity – use of hands well and effectively. Oral care – How he/she clean teeth/ can he/she deal with their dentures Washing, dressing and foot care – identify preferred toiletries/ hairdresser/barber Re: hairdressing requirements or make observations on foot care ask if any problem. May consider visual assessment Skin condition – complete pressure sore risk assessment within 4 hours of admission. Any risk identified care plans required. Categorise pressure ulcers. Use body  map and wound assessment form. Photograph skin with consent and make a referral for specialist advice. Sleeping – Ask service user if sleep well or experiencing difficulty with sleeping, need night sedation or any warm drinks or reassurance. Medication – risk assessment and care plan required. Observe effect of medication and record outcomes. Arrange six monthly reviews with GP (as a minimum). If medication given covertly check capacity following the capacity assessment and arrange multi disciplinary assessment. Financia l choice/arrangements – check capacity Personal perspective – religious beliefs, cultural interests, education requirements and family involvement. Name of advocate, relationship and contact number. Nutritional risk – check level of nutritional risk using the MUST risk assessment tool. Complete MUST nutritional risk assessment within 24 hours. Any risk/problems identified: food diary and care plan required. Inform chef, consult dietician as required. Food and Preferences – Record any allergies or diets. Assistance in choosing meals, specific dietary requirements as a result of an allergy, medical condition or religious belief Drinking and eating abilities – eat & drink independently, guidance, prompting or help in cutting food/ need to be fed. Consider use of a fluid balance chart. Swallowing – Any swallowing difficulties, require soft diet, a liquidised diet/or thickened fluids; be at risk of choking or aspiration, assess risk of choking. Require feeding e.g. PEG feeding. Mood/emotion – what make him/her happy/sad? Complete geriatric depression scale. Low moods or mood swings /feel suicidal. Relationships and interaction – Relaxed, distressed behaviour/ frequently restless or agitated which impacts on their daily living. Observation if demonstrate intense anger or distress. Response to care intervention – ask what are their expectations? Able to make own choices, resistance to care or need encouragement. Urinary continence – How manage going to the toilet. Manage independently with aids. Ask for specific aids. If has a catheter what type. Faecal continence – how manage bowels. Continence assessment required specific aids. If has a stoma what type is this temp or permanent. Breathing – Any breathing problem, shortness of breath. Airway management e.g. suctioning, tracheotomy, ventilator, oxygen. Specify equipment & complete risk assessment. If smoker complete risk assessment. Pain – Have any pain, experiencing severe pain which is  difficult to control. Use assessment chart in conjunction with or alongside MARR Chart & CP-1-13(b). Refer to GP as required. 2.2 Support the active participation of the individual in shaping the assessment process All individuals are encourages and supported to maintain self identity and individuality. All individuals are encouraged to engage in their Care Plan Assessment (CPA) meetings, formulation of person centred care plans and integration into the wider community. Prior to CPA meetings their personal views, wishes, needs preferences and outcomes. All individuals are encouraged to express their personal views and preferences regarding all aspects of daily living including the care they receive within the organisation and outside resources. Care plans are person centred and are formulated with the input of individuals. CPA meetings are generally set for the individuals are invited to engage and discuss their own care package. Active support is provided holistically within a care package for all individuals for all aspects of living. This would be taking in consideration accessing in-house resources such as e.g. psychology therapy session. Supporting individuals to explore, maintain, and sustain family relationship and research facilities and resources. Al individuals are supported and encouraged to be independent in accessing other health professional such as G.P’s, dentists, opticians etc with the help of necessary staff advocate and liaise on individuals behalf’s. Individuals are offered talk time on a daily basis, this enables them communicate any feelings, wishes, needs and preferences and gain support for any aspects of life they may need. The organisation work in compliance with the regulation that w ould mean respecting and involving service users in shaping their care plan. The service users are enabled to make or participate in making decisions, relating their care or treatment. The individual is provided with appropriate information and support in relation to their care or treatment. Service users or those acting on their behalf are encouraged to understand the care or treatment and choices available and discuss with an appropriate health care professional or other appropriate person the balance of risks and benefits involved in any particular course of care. The service users or advocate are able to express their views as to what is important to them in relation to the care. Where appropriate provide  opportunities for individual to manage their own care and support them to promote their autonomy, independence and community involvement. Taking care to ensure that care is provided to service users with due to regard to their age, sex, religious persuasion, sexual orientation racial origin, cultural linguistic background and any disability they may have. The organisations also ensure that the service users’ human rights are respected and taken into account. Systems are put in place to gain and review consent form people who use services and act on them. Personalised care, treatment and support are given to service users for example:- Care and welfare of people who use services Meeting nutritional needs Cooperating with other providers Safeguarding and safety The organisation ensure applying person centred planning in all aspects of health and social care work particularly in relation to vulnerable individuals e.g. service users with learning disabilities, physical disabilities, mental health issues, total communication, essential lifestyle planning and person centred reviews. Moreover working towards person centred outcomes e.g. satisfaction with care involvement and communicate with service users to find out their history, preferences and wishes. Work sensitively with service users who have an impaired capacity to express consent e.g. adapting working approaches using physical or communication aids, seeking help where necessary. It is vital to listen and respond to service users’ questions and concerns responding appropriately and work to resolve conflicts if consent cannot be established. Seeking extra support and advice where necessary. 2.3 Undertake assessments within the boundaries of own role As a social care manager I should be qualified and meeting the requirement of the CSSIW to be able to work accordingly to carry out service users’ assessment. Good working knowledge of care legislation and regulation and understanding of social care policy developments. I should have excellent verbal communications skills, time management and planning skills and comply with the relevant domains within the skills framework. As a social care manager the main focus of my work will be to undertake care assessments with service users whether in the organisation or pre-admission assessments. I will be working with the service users to develop their care packages which meet their preferred outcomes. As a Registered and qualified care manager I will be accountable for all my responsibilities. I have to contribute to the development of the service users to enable the empowerment of vulnerable individual and liaise with local and other services to promote access to them. I have to ensure in all my work that I recognise the diverse nature of the service user and deliver services accordingly. I have to undertake a timely assessment of an appropriate level and in depth with the service user to determine their level of needs in line with the Skills Framework. Where the service user has a carer I should offer them an independent assessment and identify the outcomes they wish to achieve in their own right and if the assessment is in line with framework policy. I also identify whether the service user or carer are within the framework eligibility criteria for services and inform them of my decision. As a care manager following initial assessment I should decide whether further specialist assessment are required and arrange them as necessary. This could be other specialist e.g. Sensory impairment Occupational Therapy from health or housing services District Nurse SENSE etc. Where Service user or carer does not meet the framework eligibility criteria I should work creatively with them to identify way in which they might make their own arrangement to enable them to achieve their preferred outcomes and care package. As a manager throughout the formation of the care plans, accesses to services are also considered. All service users are entitled to access services, but it is important that there are service users who may need more assistance that most in order to make that decision, for example individuals who suffer from dementia or those with learning disabilities. When making a full assessment of each service user, access to specialist professional support and advice are discussed. Specific services are accessed immediately in response to a service users assessed need, including (but not limited to) health care, nutrition and physiotherapy. However any  mental health needs are recorded and the relevant services provided. Medication needs are assessed and provided as appropriate. Palliative care plans are formulated where necessary. Advocacy services are fully available. 2.4 Make recommendations to support referral processes The referral process is a systematic approach to help service users use services or resources, with the aims of promoting wellness and enhancing self care and quality of care. By gaining their life stories during the care planning process, I can ascertain what may prove to be a positive stimulus for them. Care plans are not tick boxes; they require active engagement to promote the well being and independence of the service user. Continuity of care is an essential feature of the service users’ well- being. When making a referral I should identify: What kind of help the individual needs? Agency /resources that may help individual’s needs Getting the individual ready for the referral by helping her/him to deal with the feelings about asking for help. Individuals are referred to other professionals’ services for example:- Occupational Therapy District nurse if any concerns for pressure sore Speech Therapy Physiotherapy Swallowing Disorders (Dysphagia) in adults Sensory impairment (Blind, Hearing etc.) As a manager working with individuals needs referral to other professional is vital as to promote their well-being. 3.1 Develop a care or support plan in collaboration with the individual that meets their needs Completing risk assessments is another method and one which every care service must involve itself in a regular basis. Risk assessments are an essential tool for me as a manager to understand firmly what is happening to provision of care, whether reviewing medicines  distribution, manual handling, care planning or general health and safety requirements. The risk assessment of risk is part of the process of deciding on outcomes. In assessing risk I should looks at the balance between possible beneficial and harmful outcomes and the likelihood of their occurrence within a stated time scale. Risk assessment are carried out in great detail I ensure that once identified any measures needed to protect service users and staff are put into place as soon as possible considering policies and procedures to promote safety and well being of service users. Risk assessment involves the activity of collecting information through observation, communication and investigation. It is an ongoing process that involves considerable persistence and skill to assemble and manage relevant information in ways that become meaningful for service users as well as the practitioners involved in delivering services and support. To be effective it needs service users’ families, carers and practitioners to interact and talk to each other about making a judgement on any potential harm and measures to reduce this. However during the risk assessment the following should be considered: Individual with a disability or elder people should not simply be seen as the source of risk- their view of risk and that of their families and carers have a prominent place in the identification assessment and management of risk. When gathering information from adults and family/carers all staff need to emphasise the importance of information that is both accurate and ide ntifies any concerns or issues that may increase the probability of any harm occurring. There should be a focus on a person’s â€Å"strengths†. Consideration should be given to the strengths and abilities of the service users their wider social and family networks and the diverse support and advocacy services available to them. A person Centred Approach should be used to identify access and manage risk. An assessment and subsequent risk management plan needs to be clear if it is to protect the service users or others. Each assessment should identify a review date and include the signature of everyone involved in the assessment. Decision making in relation to risk must be clearly evidenced on relevant information. As a manager I need to recognise that there is joint accountability/ownership for risk decision. Practitioners and service users need to know that  support is available if things begin to go wrong. Information sharing needs to be part of the decision making process with regard to appropriate disclosure. This approach supports the recognition of an individual’s right to make informed decisions about the care or support they receive. Working in collaboration to support and meet the individual needs the key features are by person centred planning. There is an approach based on the principles of rights, independence, choice and inclusion of the Individual. As a manager taking into consideration the key legal principles and legislation will help to make informed decisions that promote both the involvement and interest of service users and their families. An understanding of the following legislation is important: Human Rights Act 1998 Disability Rights Act 1995 Mental Capacity Act 2005 Data Protection Act 1998 Health and Safety at work Act 1974 Moreover care Planning is all about improving the lives of those who receive care. Ensuring that I have adequate policies and procedures in place is the first step towards providing effective care planning. Amongst my documentation the care plans are the most significant I will maintain. They should be regularly reviewed and stored in a safe place. I will hold them in both physical and electronic formats and establish a schedule for the following: Full assessments to be undertaken prior to the provision of a service. This should include Mental Health Assessments, Consent Records, Personal Details, Health Details, Palliative Care Needs, Needs Assessment, Record of Involvement etc. Documentation is in place to ensure that the service user is being involved in the formation of their care plans. Cultural needs are being respected and considered. Long-term conditions are being considered. The well-being of the service user is actively promoted. The language used is clear and easy to understand. The service user must always be kept in mind when constructing their care plans, as they must be able to fully understand its contents. Care Plans take the form of  communication tools rather than dictates. A key worker system is in place to match individuals with staff. Relatives and other key individuals are involved in the care planning process. The human rights, dignity and any special concerns are always considered fundamental to the provision of care and the construction of the care plans. Awareness is present of different communication needs in order to inform care planning. Learning disabilities and conditions like dementia should therefore be considered when discussing the care plans for these individuals. Assumptions must always be avoided. Staffs are trained to understand the importance of verbal and non-verbal communication, with respect for situations which may impair understanding. 3.2 Implement interventions that contribute to positive outcomes for the individual The crucial element of care planning is to consider the individual in the process. As the care manager, I need to show that I am planning a service around the identified and agreed needs and desires of the individual rather than fitting a person in my service. In order to achieve best outcomes, I will need to consider how to ensure the full involvement of the individual. It may be that an official care planning document may be threatening and inaccessible. For example, I may be supporting a deaf person who uses British Sign Language, which may need to be translated in another language. Care plans documents vary and I do have some autonomy in terms of the design and content. However, it is important that I can clearly indicate the desired outcome for the individuals. The process for the development of individual care plans should start by gathering information from key sources. These could include; Ser vice user Generally family Social workers Current service providers General practitioners Other health professionals (e.g. psychologists, psychiatrists, nutritionists etc.) Community nurse Intervention and support is considered, once the goals or objectives have been agreed, I need to think about how to implement the plan. I need to be aware of the need for ongoing collaboration with the service user so that  outcomes will be more effectively achieved. I need to ensure that packages are effective throughout their lives and that service users are enabled to get the most from the package designed for and with them. In order to do this, I need to consider how to encourage constructive, ongoing feedback. I will gain a more balanced and useful picture if I invite feedback from a range of sources including: The service user The service user’s family The team members Partners involved in the caring process. Each package must be reviewed at least six month and any changes made. There are different ways of doing this: Meetings with service users to gather their views Internal review meetings Monthly update reports on progress and difficulties Staff meetings The involvement of an advocate for the service users Consultation with others, for example, family members, counsellors and other professionals. 4.1 Develop others’ understanding of the functions of a range of assessment tools As a manager my systems should provide a good framework for practice and ensure consistency for residents. However, most important is the training and awareness of the staff team. Initial training is crucial if staffs are to understand, not only the process, but the reasons for example: For managing medication in the prescribed way. The national minimum standards emphasise the need for accredited. It is also emphasises that the content of such training should include the way in which medication is used, the problems which can arise and the principles which have informed the policy on the management of medication. The most important mechanisms for providing support to resident and staffs are through staff training and development. The Care Standards Act 2000 prescribes in Standard 30 (30.4): That all staff receive a minimum of three paid training days per year ( including in-house training) and have an individual training and development assessment and profile. This minimum requirement will ensure  that team members meet the National Training Organisations workforce training targets and that my practice setting will therefore continue to meet the changing needs of my residents. As a manager, it is my responsibility to take into account and differentiate between individual team members’ abilities as well as their developmental needs. This will be in terms of their knowledge, skills and accredited qualifications and I will have to audit and supervise to ensure that they remain appropriate to their current roles. However this will consider training: Manual Handling Infection control Risk Assessment Care Planning Health and Safety Medications etc. As part of their training, most carers will be expected to develop the skills and knowledge to identify that a client has specific need. Having the knowledge of individuals’ diagnosis enables the staff team to ensure that choices offered and encouraged to individuals are suited to their personal limitations. This also promotes the well being and protection of individuals by having an in depth knowledge of mental health illnesses that could result in them having a detrimental effect on there well being and safety caused by their own behaviour, vulnerability and exploitation. There are also a number of physical conditions that can impair a person’s mental health (i.e.):- An individual whom has diabetes and as a result has a HYPER resulting in them becoming aggressive and disorientated this could be mistaken for the individual displaying challenging behaviour, therefore the staff team need to be aware and have the knowledge of the condition where individual will need medical attention. Another example could be an individual whom has moderate asthma leading to an asthma attack; staff team should have knowledge and understanding of this condition for intervention and treatment for the individuals seeking medical help. As a manager I support staff to observe and use best evidence and knowledge based practice in their work by assisting to identify training needs in these areas through reflective practice and supervision. I also coach and mentor staffs when working with individuals throughout the day the staff team also regularly  engage in reflect practice. There are many training manuals, text book and journals within the work place that staff have access to, enable them to improve their knowledge and understanding of individuals. 4.2 Develop others’ understanding that assessment may have a positive and/or negative impact on an individual and their families. Service users and carers’ families have a critical role to play in success for care planning, and care management. Their involvement is an integral part within each of the thematic headings outlined in this document. Involving them in the following ways:- Sharing of information in respect of the illness and reasons for being there. The assessment process including risk assessment. Safeguarding and developing key social supports networks. The choice of accommodation. Families involvement may sometime cause negative impact on service users well being. For example for (Domiciliary care) Families insisting to shower a service user where no hands are rails are in place, and no appropriate equipments according the service users condition/mobility. Families may think that a service user is not receiving proper hygiene care, whereas on the other hand not taking into consideration the health and safety factor. 4.3 Develop others’ understanding of their contribution to the assessment process. All care staff attends detailed care induction programmes and their ongoing progress is evaluated through regular mentoring and appraisals. Annual training updates are compulsory for all staff. For examples below organisation’s care worker training programme includes: Health and Safety 1974 RIDDOR/COSHH Food hygiene Personal care Back care Communication Bereavement Record keeping Challenging behaviour Confidentiality/Data protection Moving and Positioning Fire safety Emergency First Aid Medication Specialist training dementia Every care worker spends time shadowing more experienced colleagues and is fully supported by the management teams. As a manager I encouraged all carers to undertake further qualifications and wherever possible and provide them with opportunities to extend their studies. All staffs are continually assessed during regular supervision sessions. Carers play a vital role in providing care to people in the care home. As a care manager I encourage staff to carry out health and safety assessments all the time on service users and to report to me any concern. Staffs are made aware about the legislations and why it is important for them as they need to work according to regulators to avoid any mishap. For example: – equipment out of order. 5.1 Review the assessment process based on feedback from the individual and/or others. The organisation aspires to best practice as set by CSSIW in developing implementing, monitoring reviewing service delivery/care plans. Care plans are formulated with where possible with the individual and implemented daily throughout the staff team and staff work in accordance to any guidelines that interlinked with care plans along with risk assessments. Throughout my working role and responsibilities I monitor care plans daily to ensure they are maintained and sustainable. Care plans are reviewed within allocated time scales. Some of the relevant legislation that effects my work roles in regards to service delivery and care plans are:- Health and Safety Act 1974 Care Standard Act 2000 Human Right Act 1998 Data Protection Act 1998 Mental Capacity Act 2005 Mental Health Act 1983 NHS and Community Care Act 1990 Under care standards every individual has the night to have their needs assessed and have these met as far as possible. Within the organisation individual’s needs are constantly changing and being reviewed due to nature of the individuals whom we support and cater for. As a manager I carry out monthly audit anybody involves in the care home e.g.: GP, OT, District Nurse, Service User, Chiropodist, Physiotherapist Speech Therapist Dentist Opticians Dietician Mental Health (Psychiatrists) Social Services CPN As a manager I generally invite all outside agencies and key professionals to complete service questionnaires to enable us as an organisations to maintain and strive for the highest standards of care. As gather feedback from these professionals, whether they think my referrals were relevant and appropriate with my care organisation. I asked them how they feel I have used their knowledge within the time scale. As a manager I include also about outcome. 5.2 Evaluate the outcomes of assessment based on feedback from the individual and/or others. Based on feedback from other professionals involved in service users’ care. We did receive some constructive feedback about how we can improve our performance and service. GPs stated were satisfied with the service provided to our service user and that our care planed it very much up to date. The District Nurse stated in their comments that they are very satisfied about following appropriate treatment and service users are being referred. Service users families are very satisfied as their loved one is  having appropriate care and is well looked after. They are well pleased about the way the service users can make her choice on her care having review meeting on the care planning and taking their concern into consideration. 5.3Develop an action plan to address the findings The purpose of the Action Plan is that a person receiving services has an individualized, personalized plan for their supports, formal and informal. The plan identifies the supports the person has chosen to use, the person’s intention or desired outcomes of their supports, who is responsible for the supports, and, how and when those supports will be reviewed for effectiveness. The plan provides a written summary of Issues and Goals, the Plan/Strategy of each support, the Responsible Person(s) for providing that support, and the Target Dates for completion. The plan is intended to assist the person, and the people who support them, to better understand the intent and purpose of the supports, and who is responsible to carry out each part of the plan. It should be written so that the person can easily understand and refer to it. It should enable a person to easily review their plan and the agreements that have been made. The plan also allows the person to build upon their own strengths and be an active participant in their supports. A plan is completed at the time of initial assessment, should be regularly discussed by the person receiving supports and their case manager, and updated as a person’s support needs change. Progress, lack of progress, and changes to the plan are recorded in the person’s file. Any significant change that triggers the need for a new assessment must also trigger the need for a new plan. I have produced few examples below for action plan:- Client Name: Michael Cornell Date: April 12, 2010 Issues and Goals Plan/Strategy Target Date 1. Issue: I feel down a lot. Goal: Increased energy and interest in their hobbies. -Refer to Elder Care Clinician for further assessment and treatment. 15 April 2010 2. Issue: Not eating well and losing weight. Goal: Eat well to manage my diabetes and gain 10lbs. -Refer to Nutrition Director at CVCOA for nutrition consult for Michael & Jennifer. -Refer to Meals on Wheels (MOW) 2x a week. -Jennifer wants to cook evening & weekend meals. -Michael will have nutritious meals at Barre Project Independence (BPI) 3x a week. -Michael, Jennifer & Marie will review in 3 months progress toward goal. 20 April 2010 Issue: Assistance needed with personal care, dressing, bathing, laundry and housework. Goal: Michael will have the PCA assistance he needs 7x a wk. For independence in his home. Provide PCA 7x a wk. For personal care. 13 April 2010 Michael’s spiritual needs are not being met. Goal: Michael’s spiritual needs will be met through visits from his minister and attending church. 2 -Michael would like Jennifer to call the minister, Barbara Watkins to arrange for a visit. -Michael will let Barbara know that he would like spiritual visits 1-2 x a month if possible. -Jennifer agrees to bring Michael to church 2x a month. Michael’s friend John will bring him 2 x if Michael wants.

Monday, July 29, 2019

The Case Study of Blue Cloud Adapting Agile Research Paper

The Case Study of Blue Cloud Adapting Agile - Research Paper Example It is thus suggested that assessments of company output, proper dissemination of pros and cons of changes, and even input from all concerned members be taken into account before continuing or discontinuing the improvements in work structure or programs within an organization or company. Â  1. The first year of using Agile at Blue Cloud created a mix of approving, dissenting, and passively uninterested voices, which lead to the confusion of the CEO, Shel Skinner in whether the changes made in the company were proper or not (Spector, 2012). The events were suggesting that the implementation of the new software program may have been rushed, which could have risen from the lack of reviewing Lewin’s process of change. While the changes were made of good intentions for improving the methodology of software development, it might have been that some steps in implementing successful changes in management or in company work protocol have been bypassed, and later caused some dissatisfaction within the group (Paton & McCalman, 2008). Based on the reactions of some employees, it could be possible that the need for changes were not fully explained to some employees, and that the improvements of the old methods versus the new methods may not have been clarified to most emp loyees, especially among those which were more focused on planning than reacting to necessary work modifications. Lastly, employee feedback during the course of the implementation may not have been valued as some commented that there some aspects of the company remained unchanged (Spector, 2012).

Sunday, July 28, 2019

LR&W 10 LAB WORK Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

LR&W 10 LAB WORK - Research Paper Example According to the summary of the bill and its status, the bounty hunters should need licensed which is issued by Public Safety Department, bill need bail agents that are finding out person in order to notify the policy of state, and a Chief Law officer for the enforcement of municipal law earlier apprehending an individual within the legal power of the administrative district (Fugitive Recovery Network). According to this bill â€Å"bail enforcement agent† or â€Å"bounty hunters† are those individuals or those cooperative of individuals who perform services in order to capture a escapee, it is not limited any individual that are enlists in the understanding and individuals that are returns after their release on bail and those who didn’t managed to attend the proceedings for answering the charge in front of the prosecuted court. The authorization of adoption of the regulations related to the registration and licensure of the bail enforcement agents and the bounty hunters is given the secretary of Department of Public Safety. They could charge license fee not more than $500 for every fresh and renewal application (Fugitive Recovery

Saturday, July 27, 2019

Popular Culture in the 1960s and 1970s overwhelmingly made the Beatles Research Paper

Popular Culture in the 1960s and 1970s overwhelmingly made the Beatles more Popular than Jesus - Research Paper Example It was therefore not such an impossibility to believe that the Beatles were indeed more popular than Jesus. This paper will evaluate the impact of the Beatles to popular culture, and how they have gained great notoriety, popularity, and influence during and beyond said time frame. Initially, an overview of the Beatles shall be presented, including how and why they were able to gain much popularity. A discussion on the impact of the statement of John Lennon on being more popular than Jesus would also be presented. Supporting proof of their popularity shall also be discussed in relation to the popular culture in the 1960s and 1970s. Concluding remarks shall end this discussion, highlighting the impact of the Beatles to popular culture and how their statement reverberates to the current times. The leading authorities on this topic are Hecl and Womack. Hecl discussed that the impact of the Beatles on popular culture was so significant that it was easy to believe that they were more popular than Jesus. Womack also discusses that the youth during the 1960s and 1970s were so enamored and so in awe of the Beatles that they patronized their records more than they did Jesus and Christianity. I also believe that at that point in time, during the peak of the Beatles popularity that they were indeed more popular than Jesus. So, basing it on those considerations, I would be inclined to believe that they were indeed more popular than Jesus. ... I also believe that at that point in time, during the peak of the Beatles popularity that they were indeed more popular than Jesus. So, basing it on those considerations, I would be inclined to believe that they were indeed more popular than Jesus. Overview The Beatles were a rock band from England, established in 1960 in Liverpool and they are considered one of the most popular and most successful acts in history2. The members of the group include John Lennon (rhythm guitar and vocals), Paul McCartney (bass guitar and vocals), George Harrison (lead guitar and vocals), and Ringo Starr (drums and vocals)3. Lennon and McCartney wrote most of the songs with occasional contributions from George Harrison. They gained much popularity in UK and in the US as their songs also gained greater social significance. Although Lennon, McCartney, Starr, and Harrison were its popular members, the group started out as a five group line-up with Stuart Sutcliffe playing the bass and Pete best playing the drums4. Sutcliffe soon left the band and Best was replaced by Starr. Their successful career was molded by producer George Martin and manager Brian Epstein. Their first hit in the UK was Love Me Do and in the years which followed, more hits were produced. They became a music phenomenon, and their popularity soon gained the moniker Beatlemania5. They led the so-called British invasion as they hits gained much attention in the US. They toured the world and their popularity reached even greater heights. After producing massive hits, the band broke up in 19706. However, each of them was still able to establish strong solo careers, especially for John Lennon and Paul McCartney. Although the group was only together for 10 years, their strong, successful, and highly influential career is

Friday, July 26, 2019

Strategic Planning Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Strategic Planning - Case Study Example In the next part of the report I will be highlighting the areas on which the company needs to stress more and will also make some necessary recommendations. The first thing that GIFC needs to accomplish is that it should define its business, goods and services and also the target customers. Also defining a clear vision for the organization which clearly expresses the intentions of the company and where it wants to be in the future will also help to serve the purpose. Defining their thoughts on social responsibility, culture and ethics will further strengthen the standings of the organization. The company can think of commencing operations in the global market by using effective expansion strategies. This will not only help the company to earn more revenue, but will also allow them to cater to a number of segments around the world. However the growth is directly related with the quality of their service, level of customer service and also the location of the outlets. In order to develop core competencies for itself the company must focus on various aspects. Some of the evident factors are variety of dishes, authenticity of the ingredients, and ambience of the outlets. Furthermore the company should also develop a strong customer relationship management tool, which will ensure highest level of customer satisfaction and they could even become a word of mouth promoter for the company. One of the important suggestions for the company is that while getting into any new kind of activity, the company should perform an analysis of the macro environment. This will help them to make decisions purely based upon the external situations and can sustain with it for a longer period of time. Strategic planning is defined as the process by which the management personnel of the company decides about the objectives of the company and also defines the proper courses of action required to achieve the objectives (â€Å"Strategic Planning†). It is also referred to as a

Individual business report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Individual business report - Essay Example Arnott’s seeks to expand its market by sourcing and manufacturing the entire product in Greece since biscuits and snacks are too peripheral to any country’s economic needs to feature saliently in import-export trade. Other alternatives to this mode of expansion is bound to expose Arnott’s to the government-imposed rigours of import-export trade, since the Greece government like any other, will seek to maintain a favourable balance of trade. The report will discuss the feasibility of Arnott’s desire to go to Greece, in respect to Arnott’s current status and Greece’s socioeconomic, political, legal and environmental conditions. Parts 2.0- 6.0 of this report discuss Arnott’s prospects in light of the political, legal, economic, socio-cultural and technological conditions in Greece. Part 7.0 discusses Arnott’s prospects by using SWOT analysis. Part 8.0 is the recommendation section. Greece’s political stability is underscored by it being a parliamentary republic, having the President as the head of the state and the Prime Minister as the head of the government. The constitution of Greece with its 120 articles allows for the separation of powers among the legislature, judiciary and the executive. This political stability will help Arnott’s to thrive. Likewise, taxation and regulation of trade will be carried adroitly, since separation of powers readily co-occurs with bureaucracy (Kizos and Iosifides, 2007, 66). Bà ¢rgà £oanu, Negrea and Dascà £lu (2010, 35) explain that Greece joined the European Union (EU) in 1981 and represents 41.5% of the EU’s deadweight tonnage. Greco-Australian relations are very close. This closeness dates back to World War I and II and the Korean War where Australia fought alongside Greece. Therefore, the Grecian government is naturally predisposed to encourage Greco-Australian trade (Vogiatzoglou, 2007, 53). Arnott’s must sign articles of

Thursday, July 25, 2019

In times of crisis, such as the one currently experienced in Europe, Assignment

In times of crisis, such as the one currently experienced in Europe, new ideas of how to manage and organise are required for - Assignment Example In this situation, it becomes important to create new organizations and create new jobs in order to sustain. The report will discuss about the global economic crisis and its impact on the national economies of the nations. In this context it will specifically highlight the Euro crisis and its impact on the affected countries. It will also emphasize the importance of new company establishments and job creation in a country. The report will also shed light on how individuals influence the management practices of an organization. Finally the report will conclude stating the extent to which an individual impacts in company establishment and management practices. Introduction During the last 15 years, countries around the world have been able to make impressive advancement and historical transformations in their economical policies. With rapid globalization and based on the institutional establishments nations have been successful in building up effervescent private sector. It has also le d the countries to participate in international trade (Rutkowski and Scarpetta, 2005, p.xiii). The economic growth has in turn helped the nations to reduce the level of poverty as well as brought higher incomes. However the global economic downturn has disrupted the growth process and clearly indicated that no economic policy is stable enough to face economic crisis. Many scholars thus highlighted that it is important for the nations to focus on reforming the financials of a country. In this context a number of scholars have highlighted that financials of a country can be best reformed by creating new business ventures and thereby creating new jobs. According to Global Entrepreneur Monitor (GEM) around the world there are 200 million who are engaged in the creation of new jobs. There are another 200 million people who are the managers or owners of newly established firms. The study was carried out in 75 countries of the world and which covered nearly 80% of the total population of t he world (Reynolds and Curtin, 2010, p.1). The focus of the project will be therefore based upon the issue of how creation of new business and jobs will aid a nation to embrace economic growth. The intentions of the projects will be also to uncover how new business and jobs will be created and sustained during the crisis periods. The next half of the project will discuss all the relevant theories as well as the earlier literatures from the same field of study. Discussion In the recent past one of the major economic crisis occurred in Europe, which is also known as the Euro Crisis. It is an ongoing financial emergency that has caused difficulties for a number of countries in Europe to refinance the debt of their Government. This economic catastrophe has impacted the Euro economy to a large extant. Countries such as Greece, Portugal, Italy, Ireland and Spain or collectively known as GIIPS were the major sufferers. It has actually destroyed the economies of European Union. A number of reasons have been highlighted regarding the cause of this economical turbulence. The Euro Crisis In Europe there

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

Pre Maritial Genetic Screening Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Pre Maritial Genetic Screening - Essay Example Genetic diseases will occur when there is an alteration in the DNA and it is well known that substances present in smoke, tobacco or radiation from the sun can easily alter the materials in the cells. Inherited diseases are usually caused by mutated genes which are inherited by an individual from either of the parents and in the thousands of genes we possess in our cells, the faulty gene might just be one of the thousands (Commmittee on Publication Ethics 218). Since the genetic diseases vary greatly there are several different methods that can be applied based on the type of the disease? There are four types of genetic disorders found to exist these are; single gene, multifactorial, chromosomal and mitochondrial. A gene can be mapped as one of the methods to deal with the conditions. The genes position within the chromosomes can be determined by mapping either physically or genetically (Schork N. 103) With the position established, then it becomes possible to tell of any possible links between the genes. Gene testing is another simple way to determine whether the person contains the genes that cause genetic disorders. A chemical method known as gene splicing can be used which involves the cutting out part of the DNA in the gene and replacing it with a new piece. Alternatively genes can also be silenced by geneticists to prevent harmful effects of the gene (Ishak 273-286). Premarital genetic screening first of all is very important for couples as it will help them determine their compatibility. This testing will allow the couples to determine the presence of any genetic disease, strategize on the management measures and seek treatment for the same (Zi 637-638). By undergoing this test the designate couple will be well informed about their predisposition to certain diseases and the odds of their passing on those diseases to their unborn children. If the couple is expecting a baby, then proper utilization of genetic screening will allow

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

Whether China's banking system should integration with the world Essay

Whether China's banking system should integration with the world - Essay Example The capital markets of china are also not accessed much by international investors for gaining profits. The lack integration of the Chinese economy with the world needs to be understood from the view point of the commercial and domestic interests of the nation individually. The priority of the Chinese economy in the past years has not been to be a part of the global economy, instead the focus has remained upon achieving growth and stability, while radically restructuring the overall economy and its sectors. The nation has directed its economic efforts towards developing adequate job opportunities and to be able to absorb layoffs. China’s labour market is quite large in size. The target of the economy has always been to provide adequate level of employment opportunities and maintain the stability of the economy. China has been successful in meeting these challenges adequately. The nation has been able to achieve economic growth of 10% annually. Market forces have been made free and to be able to promote efficiency. Privatization also had facilitated in the rapid restructuring of the economy. Integrating the Chinese economy with the world economy has therefore not been a high priority as China was able to maintain its stability. However, the maturity of the Chinese economy has however made it essential for it to participate in the global economy and sustain its growth. Moreover the Chinese economy possess as an important economic opportunity (Turner, Tan and Sadeghian, 2012). China plays a vital role in the global financial regulatory framework. The nation is a member of the G-20 Financial Services Board and the Basel committee. The Chinese banks and financial institutions have decided to implement the Basel III standards in respect of international bank capital standards from the year 2013 onwards (Lieberthal and Lieberthal, 2003). The implementation has already begun depicting efficient management of financial resources. The

Monday, July 22, 2019

Carbon in the form of a pencil Essay Example for Free

Carbon in the form of a pencil Essay Although with this line I could not prove that width and resistance of a carbon track have an inversely proportional relationship, this means that as one increases the other decreases in proportion. Although to show that this relationship applies in this case I have to plot in a graph resistance against the reciprocal of the width (which is 1 divided by the width). When I did this the graph produced a set of results which when a line of best fit was drawn it produced a straight line which passed through zero. This means that my prediction that width and resistance would be inversely proportional was true. The shape of the initial graph of width against resistance also shows simply that as the width increases the resistance decreases. The resistance also decreases far quicker for the smaller widths and as the width gets to about 5cm although it is still decreasing it is much more gradual. Evaluation: I believe that using my results I can draw useful and correct observations this is because I repeated every reading I took three times and then averaged them. I then plotted the graphs with the averaged results meaning that they are fairly reliable. Although, there are some results I feel especially on the width and resistance graphs that appear anomalous and I would have liked to repeat these readings again but due to time restraints I couldnt. In particular the resistances of the widths above 4cm appear incongruent. This may be because on the larger widths the contact did not span the entire width of the carbon track (as shown in the diagram below) although on the smaller widths, which produced the results, I had expected it did span the entire width. The results may have also been affected by the fact that the contacts remained in the same place for every reading, meaning that towards the end as the contact had a fairly sharp edge the carbon where the readings were being taken may have been rubbed off. This would mean that the resistance would be greater than expected which is the case in the later results. Therefore if was to do the experiment again and had unlimited time I would have redrawn the width line every time so that the effect of the contacts rubbing off carbon would not have an effect. This is because the contact would not have been removed from the track and so no carbon could be removed from the track. Another improvement to the experiment I would make would be improving the accuracy of the carbon track. This would mean that the carbon would be uniformly thick throughout the line and would go exactly up to the line and not pass it. This is so that we could know that the resistance was of exactly 5cm was not the resistance of between 4. 5cm and 5. 5cm. To do this I would make a template for the carbon track, which, could be coloured in ensuring that the carbon would no go past where it is, desired which happens no matter how hard you try to stay within the lines. An example of this is in the carbon track I drew, which appears to be quite good in that no carbon went over the lines but on closer inspection it in place is over a millimetre past the line. My carbon line in normal view: As you can see the line appears perfect. Magnified view of Carbon track: This closer view shows that the carbon track is by no means perfect and this degree inaccuracy means that the results may not be what they should. The patterns in my graphs were fairly obvious to find and I believe that when I did use a straight fit best line instead of a curve it was acceptable because it was more fitting for the readings. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Electricity and Magnetism section. Download this essay Print Save Not the one? Search for

Sunday, July 21, 2019

The 5 Steps Of Communication Process

The 5 Steps Of Communication Process A communication is a process of the exchange of information between sender and the receiver. It was always processing around us because we are communicated to live as well as understand with each other in order to express what we are thinking. But sometime a communication may fail to present or sometimes the receiver misunderstood what the sender trying to give them the information. Therefore, it must be some skills to helps us have a better and effective communication to send the information to the other parties. In a fact that, the scholars make a research and finally search that when sender send to the receiver and receive the information comes to have 5 different steps of communication process. The step when sender started to have an idea, the message will plan how to send for the receiver, process run though the channel until the receiver got the message, as well as lastly ask for the receiver for a feedback in order to confirm whether the receiver get a correct information. Tho se steps are the full communication process in the assignment to explain it details with the intention of create an effective communication skills. 1.1 The 5 Steps of Communication Process The steps on the theory of 5 steps communication process is encoding, planning, medium, decoding, and lastly the feedback. There is the key point of explaining this assignment and the correct way to ensure the intended audient received the right massage. On the page below will have the 5 steps of communication process diagram which can refer toà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ 1.2 Encoding Encoding process is involves to translating an idea to the meaning of the idea. When the sender got an idea to the other party, they must be communicating. Therefore, the idea will need to change the ordinary language into letter or symbols to past the information out to the party. However, the information of encoding is not yet sending out the message to the channel, the messages are only an idea that thinking in the sender. Beside, the sender might havent plan of which the sending ways are the better way for the receiver. So encoding is just an idea that came out from the sender mind and when the sender starts to plan for sending out the message, there will be turn to the second step of communication process. 1.3 Planed, Organized and Sent The communication process come to the second step is the step of plan, organize and send. It is very distinct to show. When after encoding an idea, the sender will started to plan how to send the message, so the sender will decided a way send it. For example the sender using letter to send the message, he or she will translating the idea to an ordinary language or symbols into the words, the sender will make sure is using the direct understanding words for the receiver, therefore the receiver will easily get the correct message from the sender rather than have the communication gaps of misrepresentation and misunderstood. Thus, when the sender organizing their sending process, make sure to double confirm on the grammar and sentence meaning to be correct. When it is confirmed to be a right message, it will come to choose the types of how the sender will use to send out their message to the receiver. 1.4 Medium In the communication process, medium is the type of choosing for sending the message out through a channel. For example, using letter, e-sources or request somebody to transfer the message to the receiver to be the sender choosing types of sending. Most of the sender will choose to send a letter for the receiver, because using e-mail, people might not checking the mail and request someone to transfer might not transferring the 100% information from the sender give, so most of the people will choose to use letter for their type of sending sources (medium). Moreover, medium is means a between to the sending and receiving, so both parties communication will base on the type of sending movement channel to understand each other. In the example told us the sender using the letter, so make sure the letter words are correctly as well as the receiver can be easily understand it. As the result, the step of medium has complete. 1.5 Decoding The decoding will be the problem of the receiver. When the step comes to decoding, the receiver is already received the message, and sudden matter will affect the receiver to understand the sender messages, and that is decoding. For example, just like the channel choosing to request someone to transfer the message to the receiver, the person that the sender request might not concentric on listening or rush to present in fact might missing some point to transfer, there is always happening in real life, so not most of the people will choose this channel to past their message in order to avoid the communication distortion and there is the decoding processing. Hence, to avoid communication distortion make sure sender choosing a correct channel to send their message and well to know what channel that receive are always like and easily to got it people message. 1.6 Feedback A feedback is needed to have it in a successful communication because without a feedback, the communication is failed. In the other hand, a feedback is a responding action form the receiver in the communication, therefore in the communication process, a feedback will tell to know as well as getting an answer from the receiver to the sender. In the fact of that the receiver will turn to be the sender because on its feedback. It is complete communication in the process. But sometimes a feedback will become a communication distortion because people might feedback to the sender by using a long time period. In fact, if in the business view, a business will not just sit and wait for a person to reply and not observing in others people. In this example will see the communication will fail although it was a feedback. As the result, a communication must be effectively in a progress in order to get a successful communication skill. 1.7 Body Language Beside of the 5 types of communication process, there is another type of communication that can be success in order to ensure the intended audient received the right massage. Thus, body language will be the one of the type, its not using to speck during communicate but using body language to send the message. A body language can be an eye contact, head shaking to tell it yes or no, as well as other action that give message or signer to the other parties. For example a person is trying to motivate his partner to have a cup of coffee, after his partner heard, his partner shows his thumb finger to the sender, which is means good idea. See, in this example we can found out body language can use to be communicate. Or give an example with more direct to influence us, when to chat with people sometimes, our body language normally will shows in our words to come out. Therefore, a body language can be intention to audient received the right massage. 1.8 Noise In the communication process, there is a term are showing the affection of communication, it is a noise. A noise will affect an effective communication such like when people communicate in a place that is very noisy, both parties might not receive a clearly message in such environment. Furthermore, a noise can be a third party that affecting the receiver to feedback. When a the sender sending a message to the receiver with a third party and wait for the receiver to reply, but in this time the third party are noising something to the receiver and without focus on the communication, there will influence to become a fail communication. 1.9 Conclusion As we can see, the types of communication process are giving our knowledge to learn to have an effective communication skill. It was very detailed on the theory, when you see there might only a short period of communicate between two parties, the theory will tell us start of the communication is from an idea in the senders mind and turn to a words to tell the receiver as well as receive the feedback. It was very amazing. In the other hand, this theory showed us to have an effective communication skill. When we communicate with people, we are having the direct skill especially in choosing channel and analysis to give a feedback. In the communication can help us to improve communication skill and the briefness to talk as well as the technique to talk, even where we go we are actually always communicating with other people. If we are wisely using the knowledge and technique to communicate with people, surely will let us increase on the social network. In the road on business will be a i mportant step to learn it to success. 2. As the Product Manager of a soon-to-be-launched product*, explain the methods, the mediums and the vehicles that you would use to communicate with your target audience to persuade them to buy your product. Produce one (1) Advertisement for your product. *student may decide on whatever product that they wish 2.0 Introduction Hokhomo is the name of a Japan company. Few years ago this company continuously develops all different kinds of human fashion accessories product, like cloths, watch, ear rings, and necklace and so on. Every product has a cool design and selling in cheap prices, in order to let every people can afford. So that it can achieve to the company vision, Better than none. In this year of 2011, the company decided to launch a brand new product of high definition spectacle to the market. As a product manager, will needs to plan for advertise this new product. However, when a new product is trying to launch to the market, a very important thing will need to prepare, it will be how consumer know about our product. For our information, advertising can be the where to promote our product. Therefore, in this assignment will shows the process of preparation to launch the new product and how the way to make advertising for attracting the customers. It will shows the design of advertising as well as explain it why we are trying to using the method and how, in order to having an effectively and efficiency strategy to advertise the product. Moreover, we will target a correct audient in the market for giving the information of the product. It will give benefit to the sale and people to know about the product. 2.1 Promotion A Promotion works is to advertise the product, the product itself must be have by a quality guarantee, design and fit to our consumers. So, our company decided to create this product of high definition spectacle by using the import glasses from Sweden, combine our resources to create it. After several test on the product, the product is born. According to the company vision of everyone can afford, this product will set with a fair price and ready to launce to the market. When we have the good product with a good price for consumer, the next step will be how we sell or introduce to our product for the consumers. Many times we can see in the mall had the promotion discount or sale, which is the promotion strategy they are using it. However, promotion usually considers in 4 different types which is the advertising, personal selling, sales promotion as well as public relations. In the promotion of advertising, there is non-personal communication to inform the consumer for the product. He nce, advertising can be a commercial, flyers or even internet, consumers through to the information of the advertising to know our product. Thats why we usually can see many different funny or full of characteristic commercial in the television. Those are the promotion advertising for the consumers in order to attract them to purchase their products. In our research, flyer is the one of the advertising that is people usually will do it. 2.2 Flyers In the method of advertising, posting flyer is the one of the advertising that we will make it as a promotion. Before of that, company researcher will need to do some surveys for asking the consumer view on the product. After then that, our product department will design the flyer and trying to using our company sale person to stand in front of the mall as well as pasting the flyer for the consumers. In this movement, we will actually see the outcome of the consumers interest on the product, because high definition spectacle is all new in the market. For our research, pasting flyers maybe is only out of 100 people in 1000 consumers that will purchase the product. It might take a long time period to break the even point and have the profit. But, penetrate in flyers people will at least know that there is a high definition spectacle wills soon to be launce in the market and where they can purchase it. We are trying to let the consumers know about the product and use to have a consumer to consumer strategy for a free advertising effect. This will be positive effect for our company. For sure the targeting market must be right. In the product of high definition spectacle, it will more attract to the teenage as well as student. Therefore, the targeting market will be on students. 2.3 Flyers Design The flyers design is a breakthrough for our company because the company is usually advertising in commercial sense. So, when comes to the design of the flyer will like a caricature with story line. First of all, is the problem that student will For our research, pasting flyers maybe out of 100 in 1000 consumers will purchase the product encounter, there would be the difficulty on transcribe. Beside of that we will encounter something that will affect our visual, like the flyer words Object showing unclearly in our visual, so how to solve this problem? Then the flyer gives you the answer is to choose the brand new high definition spectacle, with cool design, comfortable on wearing and give you have a high definition visual. The selling cost will set on RM 399.90. For normal spectacle with this kind of design may cost you RM 300++, and this product will add on the high definition glasses that made in Sweden combine together with the brand new Hokhomo high definition spectacle. In the f lyer it is already list out the made from Sweden and it with let the consumers to gain more confident on the product. Furthermore, the header and the footer of the flyers are listed out the brand and the contact area. On the header the flyers are showing the company name and the company address, in this area consumers will knows where the product came from and where they can purchase it. If the product having a great sells, the company name will soon to be famous as well as famous on the branded name. Moreover, from the footer of the flyers is preparing a contact number and its to let people to have a further information of the product. Beside of that, the contact number is also a hotline services to the consumer for any complain and suggestion feedback, our company will use this strategy to get the further improvement. This will be the better way to advertise and improve our products. 2.4 Ways to Posting the Flyers In the business market, we are not just numb to pasting the flyers to everyone and thats it. There are several we are trying to targeting our audients to get the product sale. First of all, we can letter the flyer and post to our business to business partners. They might interest in the product and get supply with us. Secondly, we are trying to get an assent from the secondary school and college as well as university for setting a booth for posting flyers and introduce the product to the students. In this movement, student will direct know about this product in their school and try to own it. This will give more benefit to our company and we are saving our time to find our targeting market and achieving our sale speedily. Thirdly, we will set a booth in the mall and posting the flyers, but this is different, in the mall we decide to give consumer have a free testing section to wear the spec, many of the consumer like to try before they buy, so this method will satisfy them and get mo re knows about the product. With those methods, the product must be having a well output on sales. 2.5 Conclusion As the result, the methods to advertising the product are showing out step by step that we can do. When we develop a new product, we usually will worry about the outcomes of the product sales. But the important is how we advertise to introduce our product to the consumer? How we build the confident of the product in consumers heart? How we design the product and advertising to attract the consumers? Those are the very important issues that company need to know and run it. Fortunately, the company has the skill to promote and the products will soon to be launce as a stable way. However, with the flyers promotion are given the company lower cost to get the sale, although it might take a long time but it works. At last, the product will soon to be launce in the market, so as long as the preparation works is well doing and targeting a correct market as well as correct audients, the brand new high definition spectacle will soon to be see there have a lot of people is wearing it and walkin g on the road with us. 2.6 Harvest Reference Wedside Faith Grubbs, 2000, Types of Communication, Buzzle.com, Nishu, 2009, Types of Communication and its characteristic, Articlesbase, John Sternal, 2010, How to Design a small business promotional flyer, Understanding Marketing, Ebrary Wilson, Philip, 2000, Managing for Knowledge, Scitech Educational Schultz, Don E. 2004, How to Sell More Stuff : Promotional Marketing That Really Works, Dearborn Trade, A Kaplan Professional Company. Malefyt, Timothy deWaal, 2003, Advertising Cultures, Berg Publishers

Analysing the cause and effect of Urban Riots

Analysing the cause and effect of Urban Riots Riots are civil disorders that are characterized by intense violence against people in authority or property. Since it is a herd behavior occurrence, many people take part and this leads to civil unrest. They usually occur as a result of a perceived grievance which people feel has not been adequately dealt with. The are many reasons as to why riots occur including; poor living conditions, oppression by the government, high taxation, ethnic diversity, religion or differing views of a sporting activity. Mostly, riots are accompanied by violence, vandalism and destruction of both private and public property. This can also be directed to a certain specific targets according to grievances on peoples minds (Gilje 2). In the United States of America, many riots took place during the Civil War and which saw many lives lost. As years progressed, new types of riots emerged as well as their cause. In 1960s, a new form of riots called urban Riots came in to being. In 1967 for instance, more than 120 cities in the U.S suffered more than 160 riots. The most notable among urban riots was the Newark riots of 1967 and Stonewall Riots of 1969; each of which had various reasons for its outbreak. In general though, between 1964 and 1971, there were about 752 spontaneous riots especially in black communities occurring in 316 American cities. Many of these conflagrations were however exaggerated by the media with only the major ones as already discussed having severe magnitude in terms of violence, arson and property damage. In exploring the various causes of such urban riots, many social scientists have advanced different theories. Among these reasons are racial grievances and competition for jobs in the inter-ethnic setups of communities. Further, in a search for answers as to why cities could experience racial riots of varying magnitudes, scholars usually focus on broad trends. Mainly they pinpoint the high unemployment rate amongst the blacks which they relate to cities or the whole nation as a whole. But it is evident that they ignore the local factors which too may provide more insight in to the causes of urban riots. This therefore led to a number of analysts confining their research on the event itself and the surrounding circumstances such as police mobilization (Gilje, 10). Based on this concept, it is important to find the effect of police presence and its effect on the magnitude or severity of an urban riot. The urban riots of 1960s were somewhat escalated by the intervention of the federal government. But this should not be misconstrued to imply that local and state place agents did not play any part. Eventually, upon studying a number of riots that occurred, it emerged that police response has a major impact on the nature of a riot. The timing so as to ensure there is not under-response or over-response is vital as police presence will determine the end result. It is also evident from history that many of American urban riots had a connection with racism. In many occurrences, such riots were initiated by the whites and were directed to blacks. This trend however changed in the 1960s when the roles were reversed and blacks found themselves initiating urban riots. The most notable of these include the Rochester race riot of 1964. This riot took place in Rochester, New York on Friday evening of July, 24th when the Rochester Police Department tried to arrest a nineteen year old intoxicated black on a street. The police after having been notified of him responded with a dog and since rumors of police brutality had spread quickly, an angry crowd formed on Joseph Avenue. This was followed by violence that lasted for three days leaving a trail of destruction. Statistics finally recorded 4 dead, 35 injured, 1000 arrested and 204 store houses looted. It later emerged that the local, especially the good kids had initiated the riot which the adults joined in later. This was further fueled by the fact that many African-Americans had low pay and low skill jobs and they used violence to cast their personal grievances (Wasow, web). The Philadelphia race riot of 1964 was in similar manner black-initiated. From August 28th to 30th, the black neighborhood of North Philadelphia erupted as they accused police of brutality. The Philadelphia Police Department had over the years tried to improve it relationship with the black majority, 400,000 in number, by patrolling the city in twos; one black and one white officer. Unfortunately, one black woman, Odessa Bradford, engaged a patrol squad in to an argument after her car had stalled on Columbia Avenue. As the two police officers attempted to force her to remove the car, a crowd formed and came to the rescue of Odessa. Due to crowd herding mentality, rumors started to flow that white police officers had mistreated a pregnant woman and thus violence ensued. The police response took a turn and instead of confronting rioters, they retreated and left the area. Final statistics showed 341 injured, 774 arrested and 225 stores looted or damaged in the course of three days. The urban riots left the North Philadelphia city without many vital businesses as many businessmen never returned. All in all, there were other urban riots which started due to racial segregation circumstances through out the 1960s. Their cause and eventual destruction of both property and live had similar characteristics as the already discussed ones. These included: Watts Riots in 1965, Hough Riots in 1966, Racial Tension in Omaha in 1966, Newark riots in 1967, Chicago Riots in 1968 and the 1969 North 24th Street Riot in Omaha. One thing that made these urban riots among many others to stand out is the large number of participants as well as the effects they finally caused. Statistics however show that despite the escalation of black-initiated urban riots in the 1960s, the number of occurrences decline at the turn of the decade. Government commissions that were formed to seek the cause of the riots indicated that majority of riots in the 1960s and early 1970s were due to racial grievances and deprivation. A commission that presented the Kerner Commission Report indicated that these riots were an aftermath of prior white discrimination of blacks and hence was unavoidable. Between 1970s and 1980s urban riots continued in many American cities albeit marked with less and less casualties like in the sixties. However, this did not remain for long since in 1992, a significant form of riots broke out in Los Angeles. These riots which started on April 29, were as a result of a beating Rodney King, a motorist, received in the hand s of Los Angeles Police Department officers. The prelude can be traced back to March 3, when King and two passengers were driving on Foothill highway. Upon being stopped they refused but chose to speed of under what transpired to be a high speed chase by traffic cops. The presence of five LAPD officers made the case worse since they had beaten King with batons on his arrest. This was in contrary to a video shot in this event which showed that LAPD officers continued to beat King instead of cuffing him as was in law. The also accused him of having been under influence of PCP which later test proved untrue. The video which had been shot by a neighbor as he witnessed the beatings became a focal point in the media after presentation in the court case. The five LAPD officers were charged with assault and use of excessive force. This was not however to be as some influential whites doctored the case as it was about to come for deliberation. They then proceeded to acquit the LAPD officer of assault and use of force but one. This ruling as it was heavily publicized by the media drew mixed reaction even from the president. After the verdicts, riots began in Los Angeles and continued to escalate despite the presence of National Guard, the Army and the Marines. Over the next few days numerous acts of violence and looting were recorded as well as personal engagement among the law enforcers, the blacks and the whites. They included beatings received by Reginald Denny, a white truck driver by blacks an incident recorded live on television. This was followed by Fidel Lopez severe beating and possible killing of him though he was rescued. The second and third day too were marked by widespread riots and massive destruction even after law enforcers numbers were increased. Many important American figures were also drawn in to numerous debates as well as begging for end of hostilities. Order started to flow back from the fourth day but not after massive destruction in the city had occurred. The final statistics recorded 53 dead, 2,000 injured, material loss of approximately $ 1 billion, and over 3,000 arson cases destroying more than one thousand buildings. The factors that led to Los Angeles riots were cited including a fatal shooting of a black teenager by a Korean American. Others included cultural differences, high unemployment among the residents of Central Los Angeles due to recession and poverty. Sociologists on their part cited disparity in economic growth as a cause which led to powerlessness and frustration among urban dwellers. In conclusion, riots have continued to wreck havoc on the society and the general order of things. From the many instances that have been recorded in history it is clear that they have causes and if dealt with properly, urban riots can be avoided. The government must therefore put in measures to ensure there is equal employment opportunity for all people regardless of their racial background. Social institutions which promote unity and shun segregation also need to be encouraged in order to avoid urban riots (Dreier 52).

Saturday, July 20, 2019

Unappreciated and Underrepresented Essay -- Science, Theories, Newton

On the most basic level, there are two faces of science: the creation of theories and the application of theories. The work of Sir Isaac Newton and much of the early work of Niels Bohr dealt with the theoretical aspects of science. Their research embodies humanity’s efforts to understand the laws of nature, which would still exist even without the theorists that study them. Much of the work of Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Delambre, Pierre Franà §ois Andrà © Mechain and John Harrison’s efforts were attempts at utilizing key concepts developed from theorists towards practical applications for the benefit of humanity. Their efforts would be irrelevant without humanity because they are tailored to the needs of the human race. The scientists that deal with theories will subsequently be defined as theorists while scientists that deal with the application of theories will be defined as applied scientists. Although the theoretical work of Bohr and Newton changed the way in which peop le view the laws of nature, it is the works of applied scientists such as Delambre, Mechain, and Harrison that changed the lives of people on a global scale. Due to the more revolutionary nature of applied science, it is imperative for teachers of all school systems to recognize and teach the effects of applied scientists when discussing science. Newton shook the scientific foundations in his time with profound theoretical work. In the field of mathematics, he worked within the realm of the infinite and independently developed calculus, the quintessential language of science, economics, and engineering (Gleick 39). In Opticks, he discovered many essential properties of light such as the idea that light can act as a particle or that white light is a combination of multip... ...k of the theorists, but it is important to note that the reverse is true as well. These theories would have little to no impact on human affairs without the work of applied scientists to make a practical application of them. While theories may change the way the world is seen by humanity, it is the application of these theories that truly revolutionizes human affairs. We find that science is often taught with praise of Newton and Bohr for their contributions to science, despite the fact that the works of applied scientists like Delambre, Mechain, Harrison and Thomson did far more to benefit mankind. If Newton’s immortal quote â€Å"If I had seen further, it is only by standing on the shoulder of giants† (Gleick 25) were altered for the sake of this paper, it would be: if theorists held an impact on humanity, it is only by standing on the shoulder of applied scientists.